White beans, those creamy and versatile legumes, are a staple in cuisines around the world. But did you know that “white bean” isn’t just one single type of bean? In fact, it’s a broad category encompassing several different varieties, each with its unique characteristics and culinary applications. So, what are dried white beans called, specifically? Let’s delve into the fascinating world of white beans to uncover their various names and explore their distinct qualities.
The Family of White Beans: A Diverse Bunch
The term “white bean” is generally used to refer to a group of beans that share a similar appearance: small to medium-sized, oval or kidney-shaped, and, of course, white in color. These beans belong to the Phaseolus vulgaris species, which also includes kidney beans, black beans, and pinto beans. The classification of beans can be somewhat complex, with names often varying based on region, agricultural practices, and even personal preference. Understanding the different varieties and their common names is crucial for choosing the right bean for your culinary needs.
Navy Beans: The Smallest of the White Beans
Often considered the quintessential “white bean,” the navy bean is small, oval-shaped, and known for its mild, delicate flavor. They are the bean most commonly used in baked beans, contributing to its creamy texture and subtle taste. They are also sometimes referred to as pea beans. The name “navy bean” is said to have originated from their use as a staple food in the United States Navy during the 19th century. Their relatively quick cooking time and ability to absorb flavors make them a popular choice for soups, stews, and casseroles.
Great Northern Beans: A Versatile All-Rounder
Slightly larger than navy beans, Great Northern beans have a mild, nutty flavor and a smooth, creamy texture when cooked. Their versatility makes them an excellent choice for a wide range of dishes, including soups, stews, salads, and dips. They hold their shape well during cooking, making them ideal for dishes where you want the beans to remain intact. Great Northern beans are sometimes preferred over navy beans in dishes where a slightly heartier bean flavor is desired.
Cannellini Beans: The Italian Favorite
Also known as white kidney beans, cannellini beans are larger and more kidney-shaped than both navy and Great Northern beans. They have a slightly nutty, earthy flavor and a firm texture that holds up well during cooking. Cannellini beans are a staple in Italian cuisine, often featured in pasta dishes, salads, and soups like minestrone. Their robust flavor and creamy texture also make them a great addition to bean dips and spreads.
Distinguishing Cannellini Beans
It’s important to distinguish cannellini beans from other white bean varieties. While they are often referred to as “white kidney beans,” they are not simply white versions of red kidney beans. Cannellini beans have a unique flavor and texture profile that sets them apart.
Baby Lima Beans (Butter Beans): A Starchy Delight
While technically a lima bean, the baby lima bean, or butter bean, can sometimes be considered within the broader “white bean” category, especially when dried. These beans have a distinctive flat, oval shape and a creamy, starchy texture. They possess a mild, buttery flavor that makes them a popular addition to soups, stews, and succotash.
Note on Lima Bean Varieties
It’s important to note that there are larger lima bean varieties that are not typically considered white beans. Baby lima beans, due to their smaller size and milder flavor, are the ones that occasionally find themselves grouped with other white bean varieties.
Regional Variations and Local Names
The names and classifications of white beans can vary significantly depending on the region. In some areas, a particular variety might be known by a completely different name, or different varieties might be grouped together under a single umbrella term. This is particularly true in areas where specific bean varieties have been cultivated for generations.
Understanding Local Bean Markets
When shopping for white beans, it’s always a good idea to inquire about the specific variety and its characteristics, especially if you’re unfamiliar with the local bean market. Knowing the local names and regional classifications can help you choose the right bean for your cooking needs.
Nutritional Benefits of White Beans
Regardless of the specific variety, all white beans share a similar nutritional profile. They are an excellent source of plant-based protein, fiber, and complex carbohydrates. They are also rich in essential vitamins and minerals, including iron, folate, and potassium.
Protein Powerhouse
White beans are a great source of protein, making them a valuable addition to vegetarian and vegan diets. A single serving of cooked white beans can provide a significant portion of your daily protein needs.
Fiber-Rich Goodness
The high fiber content of white beans contributes to digestive health, helps regulate blood sugar levels, and promotes feelings of fullness, which can aid in weight management.
Vitamins and Minerals
White beans are packed with essential vitamins and minerals that support various bodily functions. Iron is crucial for oxygen transport, folate is important for cell growth and development, and potassium helps regulate blood pressure.
Cooking with White Beans: Tips and Techniques
Cooking with dried white beans requires a bit of preparation, but the results are well worth the effort. Soaking the beans before cooking helps to reduce cooking time and improve their digestibility.
Soaking Methods
There are two main methods for soaking dried beans: the overnight soak and the quick soak.
- Overnight Soak: This involves soaking the beans in a large bowl of water for at least 8 hours or overnight.
- Quick Soak: For a faster option, you can boil the beans in water for 2 minutes, then remove them from the heat and let them soak for 1 hour.
Cooking Time and Texture
The cooking time for white beans varies depending on the variety and the soaking method used. Navy beans typically cook the fastest, while cannellini beans may take a bit longer. The beans are done when they are tender and easily mashed with a fork. It is generally accepted that adding salt at the end of the cooking process will help with texture and prevent them from becoming too mushy.
White Beans in Cuisine: A Global Perspective
White beans are used in a wide variety of dishes around the world, reflecting their versatility and adaptability.
Mediterranean Delights
In Mediterranean cuisine, white beans are often featured in salads, soups, and stews. They are commonly paired with olive oil, herbs, and vegetables.
Latin American Flavors
White beans are a staple in Latin American cuisine, often used in dishes like white chili and bean salads.
North American Comfort Food
In North America, white beans are best known for their role in baked beans and other comfort food dishes.
Storing Dried White Beans Properly
To maintain their quality and extend their shelf life, dried white beans should be stored properly.
Optimal Storage Conditions
Store dried white beans in an airtight container in a cool, dry, and dark place. This will help prevent them from drying out or becoming infested with pests.
Shelf Life Considerations
Dried white beans can last for several years if stored properly. However, older beans may take longer to cook and may not have the same flavor as fresh beans.
In Conclusion: Embracing the Variety of White Beans
So, what are dried white beans called? They are called a number of things, and as you have discovered, “white bean” is an umbrella term encompassing a variety of distinct and delicious legumes. From the tiny navy bean to the larger cannellini bean, each variety offers its unique flavor, texture, and culinary applications. By understanding the different types of white beans and their characteristics, you can unlock a world of culinary possibilities and create flavorful and nutritious dishes that celebrate the versatility of these humble legumes.
Key Takeaways:
- “White bean” is a general term encompassing several varieties.
- Navy beans are the smallest and most common white bean.
- Great Northern beans are versatile and slightly larger than navy beans.
- Cannellini beans, also known as white kidney beans, are larger and more flavorful.
- Baby lima beans (butter beans) are sometimes considered within the white bean category.
Enjoy experimenting with these different varieties and discovering your favorite ways to incorporate white beans into your cooking!
What are the most common names used for dried white beans in general?
The most common and general term for dried white beans is simply “white beans.” This is widely understood and used in most culinary contexts. You might also encounter the term “navy beans” as a more specific, but still quite common, name for a type of small white bean.
Beyond these, the specific name often depends on the variety of white bean being sold. For instance, Great Northern beans, Cannellini beans (also sometimes called white kidney beans), and Baby Lima beans (though less frequently referred to as just white beans) each have their distinct names. Knowing the variety helps in choosing the right bean for a particular recipe.
Are Navy beans and white beans the same thing?
Navy beans are indeed a type of white bean, but not all white beans are navy beans. Think of “white bean” as a broad category and “navy bean” as a specific type within that category, much like how a Golden Retriever is a type of dog. Navy beans are small, oval-shaped white beans known for their mild flavor and creamy texture when cooked.
They get their name from their historical use as a staple food for the United States Navy in the 19th century. Because of their resilience and ability to store well, they were a practical and nutritious option for long voyages. While other white bean varieties may share similar characteristics, navy beans have a distinct size and flavor profile.
What is the difference between Cannellini beans and Great Northern beans?
Cannellini beans and Great Northern beans are both white beans, but they differ in size, shape, and texture. Cannellini beans are larger and kidney-shaped, often referred to as white kidney beans, whereas Great Northern beans are smaller and more oval-shaped.
When cooked, Cannellini beans tend to hold their shape better and have a slightly firmer texture, making them ideal for salads and dishes where you want the beans to remain distinct. Great Northern beans, on the other hand, become softer and creamier, making them well-suited for soups and stews where they can blend more easily into the broth.
Can I substitute one type of dried white bean for another in a recipe?
While you can substitute different types of dried white beans for one another in many recipes, it’s important to consider the differences in flavor and texture. Substituting navy beans for Cannellini beans in a salad might result in a softer texture than intended, while using Cannellini beans in a puree might yield a slightly less creamy result compared to using Great Northern beans.
In general, the closer the beans are in size and texture, the better the substitution will work. For instance, Great Northern beans and navy beans are often interchangeable, especially in soups and stews. However, substituting a larger bean like Cannellini for a smaller one like navy beans might require adjusting cooking times.
How do I properly soak dried white beans before cooking?
Soaking dried white beans before cooking is crucial for reducing cooking time and improving digestibility. There are two main methods: the overnight soak and the quick soak. The overnight soak involves rinsing the beans, covering them with plenty of water (about 3 times the volume of the beans), and letting them sit for 8-12 hours.
The quick soak method is faster but requires a bit more attention. Rinse the beans, place them in a pot with plenty of water, bring to a boil, and then boil for 2-3 minutes. Remove from heat, cover, and let them soak for 1 hour. After either soaking method, drain the beans and rinse them thoroughly before cooking.
What are the best dishes to use dried white beans in?
Dried white beans are incredibly versatile and can be used in a wide variety of dishes. They are a staple ingredient in soups, stews, and chilis, adding a creamy texture and mild flavor. Classic examples include white bean chili, Tuscan white bean soup (ribollita), and creamy white bean and kale soup.
They are also excellent in salads, dips, and spreads. White bean salad with herbs and lemon is a refreshing side dish, while pureed white beans can be used as a base for dips, similar to hummus. Cannellini beans are particularly well-suited for salads, while Great Northern beans are often preferred for soups due to their creamy texture.
How do I store dried white beans to maintain their quality?
To maintain the quality of dried white beans, store them in an airtight container in a cool, dry, and dark place. This could be a pantry, cupboard, or even a basement, as long as the temperature remains relatively stable. Avoid storing them in areas with high humidity or direct sunlight, as these conditions can lead to spoilage or insect infestation.
When stored properly, dried white beans can last for several years. While they won’t necessarily “go bad,” their texture and cooking time might be affected as they age. Older beans may take longer to cook and may not soften as easily. It’s always best to use them within a year or two for optimal results.